Housing Affordability Index Calculator

Calculate the NAR-style Housing Affordability Index for any market. Enter local median home price, median income, and current rate — see if the median family can afford the median home.

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78
Housing Affordability Index — Unaffordable
100 = Median family exactly qualifies | Above 100 = Affordable | Below 100 = Unaffordable
HAI Score
78
Median family CANNOT afford median home
Qualifying Income Needed
$99,625
Annual income to buy at 25% ratio
Monthly P&I Payment
$2,076
80% LTV, 30-year fixed
Median Family Can Afford
$313,175
At current rate with 20% down
Interpretation: An HAI of 78 means the median family has 22% less income than needed to qualify for the median-priced home. A qualifying income of $99,625 is needed; the median family earns $78,000.

The NAR Housing Affordability Index has three inputs. Here is how each one moves your local index:

Median Home Price$400,000
Every $10,000 increase in home price moves the HAI by approximately 1.9 points downward.
Median Household Income$78,000
Every $5,000 increase in median income moves the HAI by approximately 5.0 points upward.
Mortgage Rate6.8%
A 1% rate drop would move the HAI from 78 to approximately 87 (+9 points).
Qualifying Ratio Assumption25% of income
The NAR uses 25% of gross income for housing (P&I only). PITI (with taxes/insurance) typically runs 28-30% of income for lender qualifying — the 25% ratio is the NAR convention for this index only.
Down Payment Assumption20% (standard HAI)
The standard HAI assumes 20% down. Lower down payments increase the loan amount and payment, reducing the effective HAI. A 5% down buyer on this market faces a harder affordability challenge.

How much does each factor need to change to meaningfully improve affordability? Starting HAI: 78

ScenarioHAI ChangeNew HAI
Rate drops 1%+9 pts87
Rate drops 0.5%+4 pts82
Rate rises 0.5%-4 pts74
Rate rises 1%-7 pts71
Income +5%+4 pts82
Income +10%+8 pts86
Price -10%+9 pts87
Price -20%+20 pts98
Key insight: Rate changes have the largest single impact on HAI — a 1% rate cut improves affordability by ~9 points. Price reductions require large corrections (10-20%) to match the same improvement. Income growth is slow — 5% gains only improve the index by ~4 points.

How to Use This Housing Affordability Index Calculator

Enter the Median Home Price for your local market (check Zillow, Redfin, or NAR.Realtor for your metro or county), the Median Household Income for your area (available at Census.gov or BLS.gov), and the current 30-Year Fixed Mortgage Rate. The calculator instantly produces your local HAI score with a plain-English interpretation.

What Data to Use

For the most accurate local result, use county or metro-level data rather than national averages. The US national median home price (~$415,000) and income ($82,000) produce a national HAI that masks wide local variation — San Francisco HAI is around 40 while Pittsburgh's is around 160. The more local your data, the more meaningful your score.

Advanced Features

Use City Comparison to rank up to 3 metros by HAI side by side. Use Sensitivity Analysis to see exactly how much a rate drop, income growth, or price correction would move your HAI. Use Forecasting to model what affordability looks like in 1-5 years under different scenarios.

The Housing Affordability Index Formula

HAI = (Median Family Income / Qualifying Income) x 100

Qualifying Income = Monthly P&I Payment x 12 / 0.25

Monthly P&I = Loan x [r(1+r)^360] / [(1+r)^360 - 1]

Where: Loan = Home Price x 0.80 (20% down assumed)
r = Monthly rate (annual rate / 12)

HAI = 100: Median family exactly qualifies
HAI > 100: More income than needed (affordable)
HAI < 100: Less income than needed (unaffordable)

The 25% qualifying ratio is a NAR convention — it represents the share of gross income allocated to principal and interest. Modern lenders may use 28-30% for PITI (including taxes and insurance), or 36-43% total DTI. Using 25% makes the HAI slightly conservative — the real threshold most families can reach is closer to 31% of income for total housing costs.

Example: Three Markets at the Same Rate

HAI Comparison at 6.75% — Three US Metro Markets

Pittsburgh, PAAustin, TXSan Jose, CA
Median Home Price$225,000$475,000$1,450,000
Median Income$68,000$82,000$132,000
Qualifying Income Needed$46,800$98,800$301,500
Monthly P&I Payment$1,170$2,470$7,538
HAI Score1458344
VerdictAffordableStretchedSeverely Unaffordable

Pittsburgh's HAI of 145 means the median family earns 45% more than needed — a healthy, accessible market. Austin's 83 means families are stretched; a 1% rate drop or 15% price correction would restore affordability. San Jose's 44 means the median family earns less than half what is needed — only high-income earners can participate in that market.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Housing Affordability Index measures whether a typical family earning the median income can qualify for a mortgage on the median-priced home. HAI of 100 means the median family exactly qualifies. Above 100 is affordable (more income than needed); below 100 is unaffordable. The National Association of Realtors publishes this index monthly using a 25% qualifying ratio and 20% down payment assumption. It is the standard market-level affordability metric used by economists and real estate analysts.
An HAI above 100 means the median family can afford the median home — broadly, the market is accessible to typical buyers. An HAI of 130+ is very affordable; 100-130 is moderately affordable; 80-99 is stretched; below 80 is unaffordable for the median family. The US national HAI peaked at 210 in 2012 and has fallen to around 95 in 2024 — one of the most unaffordable national readings in 40 years. Local markets vary from around 40 (San Francisco) to 160+ (Midwest cities).
Mortgage rates have an outsized effect on affordability. A 1% rate drop typically improves the HAI by 10-15 points — roughly equivalent to a 10-12% price decline. When rates fell from 7% to 3% during 2020-2021, national HAI improved dramatically. The rise back to 7% in 2022-2024 wiped out most of those gains despite income growth. This is why the 2024 affordability environment is historically bad — rates returned to 1990s levels while home prices stayed near pandemic-era highs.
HAI = (Median Family Income / Qualifying Income) x 100. Qualifying Income = Monthly PI Payment x 12 / 0.25. Monthly Payment is based on 80% LTV (20% down assumed) at the prevailing 30-year fixed rate. Example: $400,000 home, 20% down = $320,000 loan at 6.75% = $2,075/month. Qualifying income = $2,075 x 12 / 0.25 = $99,600. If median income is $82,000: HAI = 82,000 / 99,600 x 100 = 82.
First-time buyers face a triple disadvantage: lower incomes than the overall median, smaller down payments (averaging 6-8% vs 20% for move-up buyers creating larger loans), and they compete for starter homes that have seen disproportionate price appreciation. The NAR also publishes a separate First-Time Buyer HAI using a 10% down payment assumption — it is typically 20-40 points below the standard HAI in unaffordable markets, and has been below 70 nationally in 2023-2024.

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